How can developing countries grow their economies? Most discussions focus on what wealthier nations should do for them. Justin Yifu Lin, the first non-Western chief economist of the World Bank, emphasizes self-help strategies for developing nations. Since World War II, various economic growth prescriptions have emerged, often driven by ideology rather than practicality, resulting in mixed outcomes. Lin draws on historical lessons and economic analysis to explore how successful countries have developed their economies. He argues that economic development relies on continuous technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and structural change, driven by effective utilization of land, labor, capital, and infrastructure. Nations should identify and nurture industries where they hold a comparative advantage and use these sectors as a foundation for growth. Additionally, governments must recognize the importance of markets, limiting their role to allow firms to thrive and lead innovation. By adopting this "new structural economics" framework, even the poorest countries can achieve sustained growth of eight percent or more, significantly reduce poverty, and transition to middle- or high-income status within a generation or two. Lin’s insights, drawn from his experiences at the World Bank and reflections on China's rise, offer a hopeful roadmap for nations pursuing prosperity.
