The book explores fundamental issues in the philosophy of science, structured in two parts. The first part addresses knowledge and values, tracing the classical conception of knowledge from ancient Greece to modern science, while discussing truth, belief, justification, and the moral responsibilities of scientists. The second part contrasts two perspectives on scientific progress: one that emphasizes the rejection of old theories, as proposed by Karl Popper, and another that values the accumulation of knowledge, as defended by Pierre Duhem. The conclusion advocates for realism regarding modern scientific theories.
