Walter Scheidel Bücher

Ungleichheit wird immer mehr zu einem Problem – weltweit! Führende Wirtschaftswissenschaftler fordern Reformen, um den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt zu sichern. Wie aber lässt sich soziale Gerechtigkeit erreichen? Der renommierte Stanford-Historiker und Altertumswissenschaftler Walter Scheidel untersucht die Ursachen für soziale Gegensätze über drei Jahrtausende und kommt zu dem eindeutigen Schluss: Eine friedliche Senkung der Ungleichheit gab es in der Geschichte bisher nicht! Einzig Kriege und Katastrophen führten zu einem sozialen Ausgleich. Walter Scheidel fordert damit natürlich nicht den Krieg als neues Mittel der Einkommenspolitik – aber er mahnt ein ernsthaftes Angehen der Probleme an und provoziert diejenigen, die hohe Erwartungen in neue Einkommens- und Bildungsprogramme nähren.

Im römischen Italien bestand unselbständige Landarbeit seit dem 2. Jh. v. Chr. neben der Plantagensklaverei vor allem in Grundpacht und Lohnarbeit. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist der zentralen Frage gewidmet, die sich aus dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen den oft ambivalenten antiken Nachrichten über diese beiden Einrichtungen und den Interpretationen der modernen Forschung ergibt: In Bezug auf welche Fragestellungen bieten die erhaltenen Quellen überhaupt eine Basis für historische Schlußfolgerungen? Fallweise ergänzt durch Vergleichsmaterial aus anderen Epochen, korrigiert oder relativiert diese Studie in vielen Punkten bisherige Deutungen der Überlieferung, um auf diese Weise die tatsächlichen Grundlagen modellhafter Rekonstruktionen im Detail herauszuarbeiten und kritisch zu evaluieren.

In conjection with an extensive critical survey of recent advances and controversies in Roman demography, the four case-studies in this volume illustrate a variety of different approaches to the study of ancient population history. The contributions address a number of crucial issues in Roman demography from the evolution of the academic field to seasonal patterns of fertility, the number of Roman citizens, population pressure in the early Roman empire, and the end of classical urbanism in late antiquity. This is the first collaborative volume of its kind. It is designed to introduce ancient historians and classicists to demographic, comparative and interdisciplinary perspectives, and to situate and contextualize Roman population studies in the wider ambit of historical demography.

This volume brings together experts in the history of the ancient Mediterranean and early China and presents a series of comparative case studies on clearly defined aspects of state formation in early eastern and western Eurasia, focusing on the process of initial developmental convergence.

The fall of the Roman Empire has long been considered one of the greatest disasters in history. But in this groundbreaking book, Walter Scheidel argues that Rome's dramatic collapse was actually the best thing that ever happened, clearing the path for Europe's economic rise and the creation of the modern age. Ranging across the entire premodern world, 'Escape from Rome' offers new answers to some of the biggest questions in history: Why did the Roman Empire appear? Why did nothing like it ever return to Europe? And, above all, why did Europeans come to dominate the world? In an absorbing narrative that begins with ancient Rome but stretches far beyond it, from Byzantium to China and from Genghis Khan to Napoleon, Scheidel shows how the demise of Rome and the enduring failure of empire-building on European soil ensured competitive fragmentation between and within states.

A pioneering comparative and multidisciplinary study of the interaction between local disease environments and demographic structure, this book breaks new ground in reconstructing the population history of Egypt during the Roman period and beyond.Drawing on a wide range of sources from ancient census data and funerary commemorations to modern medical accounts, statistics and demographic models, the author explores the nature of premodern disease patterns, challenges existing assumptions about ancient age structure, and develops a new methodology for the assessment of Egyptian poplation size.Contextualising the study of Roman Egypt within the broader framework of premodern demography, ecology and medical history, this is the first attempt to interpret and explain demographic conditions in antiquity in terms of the underlying causes of disease and death.

"Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world. Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling--mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues--have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future. An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent--and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon."--Publisher's description

The Science of Roman History is a very timely book. With state-of-the-art contributions by scholars who are leaders in their respective fields, it describes how the integration of natural and human archives is changing the entire historical enterprise. I highly recommend that all historians read this important contribution.--J. G. Manning, author of The Last Pharaohs

"Greek and Roman empires have largely been studied in isolation from those of the Near East. This volume is designed to encourage dialogue across disciplinary boundaries by examining the fundamental features of the successive and partly overlapping imperial states that dominated much of the Near East and the Mediterranean in the first millennia BCE and CE."--Back cover.