Antibiotika in Wirtschaftsdüngern, Klärschlämmen und Gärresten und deren Interaktion mit Pflanzen

Autor*innen

• Lennart Lehmann

Parameter

• Lehrbücher
• Universitätslehrbücher

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Manure, digestates, and sewage sludge, rich in nutrients, are widely used in agriculture but can also introduce pollutants like heavy metals and antibiotics into soils. This study aimed to evaluate methods for analyzing phosphorus (P) content in these materials and to develop a suitable method for detecting antibiotics in complex matrices. It included pot trials and model experiments to assess the ecological relevance of acute and combinatory toxic effects of heavy metals and antibiotics. Key findings revealed that CAL extraction for P was more reliable than water extraction, and both CAL and NAC methods yielded comparable results. ICP-OES was found to be more effective than colorimetric measurements for determining P content, which was sometimes overestimated. Antibiotic concentrations were generally lower in digestates compared to their substrates, with median levels ranging from 100 μg to a few mg kg-1 dry weight. In small-scale tests, high antibiotic concentrations were toxic to Daphnia magna and Sinapis alba, showing immobilization and reduced root length, respectively. Notably, antibiotics exhibited synergistic toxic effects when combined. In a pot experiment, enrofloxacin showed high soil adsorption, with no detectable levels in soil solution, yet it reduced biomass in Sinapis alba. A worst-case scenario estimated a tetracycline transfer of 22 μg kg-1 soil from fertilization, below toxic thresholds for plants. Overall,

• Sprache: Deutsch
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2017