Lawrence Friedmann Bücher

Inhaltsverzeichnis der Herausgeber. I. Der Einfluss allgemeiner gesellschaftlicher Kräfte auf die Formen gerichtlicher Verfahren. Die Beziehung zwischen den gerichtlichen und politischen Institutionen. Die Arbeit der Instanzgerichte in der modernen Welt. Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Rechtsstreitigkeiten: Der Fall Spanien. II. Politische und soziale Determinanten richterlicher Tätigkeit. Der Anteil gerichtlicher Verfahren an sozialen Konflikten. Politische Gerechtigkeit und Systemerhaltung: Überblick über wesentliche Variablen. Das Problem der Klassenjustiz. III. Richterliche Entscheidungsfindung. Eine entscheidungstheoretische Konzeption des Justizverfahrens. Strafgerichte als organisatorische Phänomene. IV. Alternativmodelle für die Rechtspflege. Die Wahl zwischen Litigation und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Richterliche Entscheidungsfindung und Verwaltungstätigkeiten. Zivilprozess und soziale Gerechtigkeit in Italien: Eine soziologische Analyse der Verfahren gemäß Art. 28 des Arbeitnehmerschutzgesetzes. V. Die Auswirkung gerichtlicher Verfahren auf die Gesellschaft. Sozialreformgruppen und das Rechtssystem: Durchsetzungsprobleme. Die Verteilung von Vorteilen im Prozess. Verleumdung: Ruf und Begegnung. VI. Die Rollen im Gerichtsverfahren. a) Laienrichter. Bürgerbeteiligung an der Rechtspflege: Forschung und Politik in Polen. Die Funktion des Schöffen in der Tschechoslowakei. b) Sachverständige. Die rechtliche Erheblichkeit gesel

The annotation explores the interplay between societal forces and judicial processes, examining the relationship between judicial and political branches, trial courts, and their modern roles. It addresses the impact of economic development on litigation, specifically in Spain, and delves into the political and social determinants influencing judicial activities, including the role of courts in resolving social conflicts and issues related to class justice. The text further analyzes judicial decision-making, highlighting decision theory in legal processes and the organizational aspects of criminal courts. It presents alternative models for legal practice, comparing litigation and arbitration, and discusses judicial decision-making alongside administrative tasks, with a focus on civil trials and social justice in Italy. Additionally, the annotation considers the societal impacts of judicial procedures, including the role of social reform groups and the distribution of advantages in litigation. It examines the roles within court proceedings, such as lay judges and expert witnesses, emphasizing citizen participation in justice administration and the significance of expert opinions in civil cases. Lastly, it addresses research challenges and legal reforms, discussing issues like model trials, barriers to justice access, and the costs associated with legal proceedings as obstacles to effective legal recourse, while also consideri

The clinical trial is “the most definitive tool for evaluation of the applicability of clinical research.” It represents “a key research activity with the potential to improve the quality of health care and control costs through careful comparison of alternative treatments” [1]. It has been called on many occasions, “the gold st- dard” against which all other clinical research is measured. Although many clinical trials are of high quality, a careful reader of the medical literature will notice that a large number have deficiencies in design, conduct, analysis, presentation, and/or interpretation of results. Improvements have occurred over the past few decades, but too many trials are still conducted without adequate attention to its fundamental principles. Certainly, numerous studies could have been upgraded if the authors had had a better understanding of the fundamentals. Since the publication of the first edition of this book, a large number of other texts on clinical trials have appeared, most of which are indicated here [2–21]. Several of them, however, discuss only specific issues involved in clinical trials. Additionally, many are no longer current. The purpose of this fourth edition is to update areas in which major progress has been made since the publication of the third edition. We have revised most chapters considerably and added one on ethical issues.

The exploration of human rights in this book delves into the social and historical reasons behind the widespread appeal and significance of rights discourse in today's world. Rather than focusing on legal or philosophical frameworks, it examines the phenomenon of human rights as a compelling narrative that resonates globally, questioning its prominence in contemporary society.