Exploring the concept of the S/spirit in Romans 8, Marcin Kowalski examines its connections to Greco-Roman and Jewish ideas of pneuma. He highlights how Stoics viewed pneuma as a life force influencing thought and morality, a perspective echoed in Old Testament and Second Temple literature. By engaging Paul in dialogue with these traditions, Kowalski reveals the apostle's cultural influences while also showcasing the uniqueness of his interpretation of the Spirit.
