William of Ockham Bücher

Die Logik Wilhelms von Ockham aus dem Jahr 1324 kennzeichnet den Übergang von der via antiqua zur via moderna und spiegelt den Universalienstreit sowie die mittelalterliche Sprachlogik wider. Sie zeigt den Wandel der Philosophie im 14. Jahrhundert, in dem Philosophie und Theologie als eigenständige Disziplinen auftreten.

Ockhams dritter Teil des Dialogus beleuchtet seine politische Theorie, insbesondere den Konflikt zwischen Kirche und Staat. Er untersucht zuverlässige Orientierungen für politisches Handeln und entwickelt eine differenzierte Anwendung naturrechtlicher Normen.

William of Ockham, the most prestigious philosopher of the fourteenth century, was a late Scholastic thinker who is regarded as the founder of Nominalism, the school of thought that denies that universals have any reality apart from the individual things signified by the universal or general term. Ockham's Summa Logicae was intended as a basic text in philosophy, but it's originality and scope encompass his whole system of philosophy. Yet the paucity of English translations and the structural complexity of the Latin have made the Summa, until now, almost completely inaccessible. Here Michael Loux has translated the first part of the Summa, one of the most original and influential medieval texts in logic. Preceding the translation are two essys: The first focuses on Ockham's ontology; the second deals with his theory of supposition. They are meant to introduce the reader to the central themes of Part I of the Summa, but, while introductory, these essays incorporate a controversial interpretation of Ockham which is intended to suggest a continuity between his philosophy and the work of contemporary analytic philosophy. Book jacket.

Includes an introduction by Marilyn McCord Adams along with Notes and Appendices.

Contains selections of Ockham's philosophical writings which give a balanced introductory view of his work in logic, metaphysics, and ethics. This volume includes textual markings referring readers to appendices containing changes in the Latin text.

In this work Ockham proposes a theory of simple predication, which he then uses in explicating the truth conditions of progressively more complicated kinds of propositions. His discussion includes what he takes to be the correct semantic treatment of quantified propositions, past tense and future tense propositions, and modal propositions, all of which are receiving much attention from contemporary philosophers. He also illustrates the use of exponential analysis to deal with propositions that prove troublesome in both semantic theory and other disciplines, such as metaphysics, physics, and theology. This type of analysis plays an essential role in his substantive philosophical and theological works, and in many cases then can hardly be understood without a prior acquaintance with this section of the Summa.

Dialog największe dzieło Ockhama z zakresu filozofii politycznej, pisane prawdopodobnie w latach 13341346, w czasie pobytu na dworze Ludwika Bawarskiego w Monachium. Konstrukcja tego dzieła ma postać rozmowy pomiędzy mistrzem uniwersyteckim a uczniem, w której pobrzmiewają echa zaciekłego sporu zakonu franciszkanów ze Stolicą Apostolską, reprezentowaną przez papieża Jana XXII. Jednocześnie na gruncie owego sporu analizuje autor sytuację Kościoła Powszechnego, wytykając błędy i wypaczenia. W związku z tym rodzi się także i krystalizuje idea reformy Kościoła, która przybierze później postać koncyliaryzmu, osiągającego swoje apogeum na soborze w Konstancji.